Diana Jean S. Martinez, Concrete Colonialism: Architecture, Urbanism, and the US Imperial Project in the Philippines
In 2014, Bill Gates famously declared that “China used more cement in the last three years than the US used in the entire 20th century.” His widely circulated graphic not only highlighted concrete’s environmentally catastrophic effects, but also subtly redirected responsibility away from the United...
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| الحاوية / القاعدة: | URI:https://journals.openedition.org/abe, |
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| المؤلف الرئيسي: | |
| التنسيق: | Article ou chapitre numérique |
| اللغة: | Anglais |
| منشور في: |
ABE Journal
2026
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| الموضوعات: | |
| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM |
| الملخص: | In 2014, Bill Gates famously declared that “China used more cement in the last three years than the US used in the entire 20th century.” His widely circulated graphic not only highlighted concrete’s environmentally catastrophic effects, but also subtly redirected responsibility away from the United States. Even if the US did not produce the majority of the world’s cement, it played a key role in disseminating concrete technologies, expertise, and design practices across the globe. This is pr... |
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