Presidenzialismi: veri, falsi, apparenti, travestiti
The presidential systems, that, in a broad sense, provide for the popular election of the President-Head of State, operate very differently for institutional, political and social factors. The only real presidentialism is that of the United States, characterized by a rigid separation of powers and a...
保存先:
| 出版年: | URI:https://journals.openedition.org/tp, |
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| 第一著者: | |
| フォーマット: | Article ou chapitre numérique |
| 言語: | Italien |
| 出版事項: |
Teoria politica
2026
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| 主題: | |
| オンライン･アクセス: | Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM |
| 要約: | The presidential systems, that, in a broad sense, provide for the popular election of the President-Head of State, operate very differently for institutional, political and social factors. The only real presidentialism is that of the United States, characterized by a rigid separation of powers and a system of reciprocal checks and balances. In the past, both the institutional balance, based on a negotiation between the President and Congress, and the political balance between two pragmatic parties that made possible the “divided government” between the President and Congress of different political orientation, proved fundamental in guaranteeing the stability of the government. Both have entered into crisis due to the accentuation of economic and social, territorial and political fractures. The rise to the presidency of Trump, elected for a second time in 2024, causes the risk of an oligarchic-technocratic drift. The presidentialisms that have created autocratic regimes based on the institutional and political domination of the President, on the repression of dissent, on the limitation of the rights and independence of the judiciary, as has happened in Turkey and Russia, are false. The presidentialisms prevailing in developing countries where they have had a hyperpresidential degeneration due to economic and social backwardness and insufficient assimilation of democratic values are apparent. Finally, the French Fifth Republic is a disguised presidentialism as characterized by the predominance of the President, which only subsides in the rare phases of cohabitation, and by the imbalance between powers, unlike in other democratic semi-presidential systems based on the axis between Prime Minister/Government and parliamentary majority. Its two main pillars have entered into crisis: the political system has changed from a bi-polar to a multi-party system since 2017; the majority electoral system has not produced a parliamentary majority since 2022. This has led to a strong governmental instability and the crisis of the politically irresponsible and detached presidential body from society. In conclusion, the presidentialism shows strong difficulties above all in the states of crisis and growth of social fractures, that do not recommend its application in Italy, where the proposed adoption of a more unbalanced system based on the popular election of the head of government would be even more negative. |
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