5. Les « maisons de retraite juives » au Luxembourg pendant l’occupation nationale-socialiste
In September 1940 Luxembourg became the first country in Western Europe to experience the introduction of anti-Jewish regulations. They marked the beginning of dispossession and, as a result, of a progressive precarization of everyday life and loss of privacy and autonomous life for Jews. One eleme...
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| Format: | Article ou chapitre numérique |
| Langue: | Français |
| Publié: |
2024
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| Accès en ligne: | Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM |
| Résumé: | In September 1940 Luxembourg became the first country in Western Europe to experience the introduction of anti-Jewish regulations. They marked the beginning of dispossession and, as a result, of a progressive precarization of everyday life and loss of privacy and autonomous life for Jews. One element of these measures was the forced emigration of Jews in the first year of the war; a second one was the expulsion of Jewish owners from their homes, which were confiscated by the National-Socialist administration. The consequence of both was the relocation of elderly Jewish persons to so-called “ Jüdische Altersheime” (“Jewish retirement homes”) in houses that had formerly belonged to Jewish owners. Regrouping the remaining Jews in collective homes helped the regime not only to get rid of a housing problem but also to come closer to its aim of a Luxembourg that was “ judenfrei”, devoid of Jewish presence. After comparing the Luxembourgish model of the “Jewish retirement homes” with the “ Judenhäuser” in Germany, the article explores the creation of the “ Altersheime” as well as their evolution from temporary havens into “waiting rooms” for a further concentration of Jews in a large retention centre in the north of the country, where all Jews were to be gathered, as well as for their deportation to the concentration camps and ghettos of Eastern Europe. The article also analyzes the active engagement of the Jewish Consistory in the creation and administration of the “retirement homes” in order to protect its members, which to some extent played into the hands of the National-Socialist regime.
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