L’historiographie allemande de la Shoah : nouvelles perspectives et recherches
The German historiography of the Third Reich has long been influenced by violent political debates over notions of individual and collective responsibility with regards to the Nazi past and Nazi crimes. For decades, fundamental research in German tried to understand the nature of Fascism in light of...
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| Formatua: | Article ou chapitre numérique |
| Hizkuntza: | Français |
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2016
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| Sarrera elektronikoa: | Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM |
| Gaia: | The German historiography of the Third Reich has long been influenced by violent political debates over notions of individual and collective responsibility with regards to the Nazi past and Nazi crimes. For decades, fundamental research in German tried to understand the nature of Fascism in light of the political categories of fascism and totalitarianisms, thereby relegating the Holocaust to the margins of their thinking. The Holocaust phenomenon was never silenced nor minimized. It was described as a kind of barbaric violence, one of the many kinds of violence committed by the regime. The Holocaust was examined and understood in its specificity. At the end of the Cold War, the historiographic context changed completely with the partial opening of the Soviet archives. From the 1990s onwards, many German-speaking historians and researchers have taken advantage of this new source of documents to help rewrite the history of the Holocaust, highlighting the extermination methods used in the Eastern European territories where the majority of the victims were killed. They have also stressed the close correlations between the responsibility of the German central government and that of other authorities and between the German occupants and the local collaborators. There has been a proliferation of studies. Oftentimes they are very detailed and cover specific regions of Eastern Europe or the lives of minor or major subordinates. Today this work must be translated into other languages in order to be completely understood and, above all, fully integrated into the broader narrative of the Holocaust. Such a narrative would be able to take into account Saul Friedländer’s urging for an “integral history” in which the perspective of the victims can confront the more traditional, frequently heard perspective of the persecutors. |
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