LE GALÈS (Patrick), Le retour des villes européennes, Paris, Presses de Sciences Po (coll. « Académique »), 2003,254 pages
Hard-soft governing : nine very large metropolises Aside from functional and social problems, the growth of very large metropolises results in a gap between the city area and its corresponding institutions. This in turn makes for increasing complexity in the institutional system, in which institu...
محفوظ في:
| المؤلف الرئيسي: | |
|---|---|
| التنسيق: | Article ou chapitre numérique |
| اللغة: | Français |
| منشور في: |
2003
|
| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM |
| الملخص: | Hard-soft governing : nine very large metropolises
Aside from functional and social problems, the growth of very large metropolises
results in a gap between the city area and its corresponding institutions. This in turn
makes for increasing complexity in the institutional system, in which institutions piloting
technical networks play a more and more important role. What then, does “governing”
mean ? Something other than the usual sense of the term : the metropolitan control
authority “accompanies” more than it directs and orients more than it decides. This gives
rise to a “hard-soft” form of government : beneath the formal weakness of the political
institutions lie structuring decisions — budgets, norms, etc. — originating in a hard level
of authority and constituting reference points for the other actors. |
|---|