HARLOW (Carol), Accountability in the European Union, Oxford, Oxford University Press/Academy of European Law-European University Institute, 2002,198 pages
Hard-soft governing : nine very large metropolises Aside from functional and social problems, the growth of very large metropolises results in a gap between the city area and its corresponding institutions. This in turn makes for increasing complexity in the institutional system, in which institu...
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| Formáid: | Article ou chapitre numérique |
| Teanga: | Français |
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2003
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| Rochtain ar líne: | Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM |
| Achoimre: | Hard-soft governing : nine very large metropolises
Aside from functional and social problems, the growth of very large metropolises
results in a gap between the city area and its corresponding institutions. This in turn
makes for increasing complexity in the institutional system, in which institutions piloting
technical networks play a more and more important role. What then, does “governing”
mean ? Something other than the usual sense of the term : the metropolitan control
authority “accompanies” more than it directs and orients more than it decides. This gives
rise to a “hard-soft” form of government : beneath the formal weakness of the political
institutions lie structuring decisions — budgets, norms, etc. — originating in a hard level
of authority and constituting reference points for the other actors. |
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