Il cosmopolitismo e la bussola dei diritti umani

Il cosmopolitismo e la bussola dei diritti umani

Cosmopolitanism and the doctrine of human rights have different origins and historical paths. At the same time, they show a fundamental common trait: the constant reference to Universalist orientations of value tailored to the absolute value of the individual. Human rights represent the orientation...

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Yayımlandı:URI:https://journals.openedition.org/tp,
Yazar: Greblo, Edoardo
Materyal Türü: Article ou chapitre numérique
Dil:Italien
Baskı/Yayın Bilgisi: Teoria politica 2022
Konular:
Citizenship
Cosmopolitanism
Human Rights
Universalism
Claiming
Online Erişim:Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM
id openedition-oai:revues.org:tp_2113
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spelling openedition-oai:revues.org:tp_2113 it https://journals.openedition.org/tp/2113 2022-02-07T01:00:00Z info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article info:eu-repo/semantics/article urn:handle:20.500.13089/lhbi All rights reserved Il cosmopolitismo e la bussola dei diritti umani Teoria politica Rosenberg & Sellier info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/1972-5477 info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/0394-1248 URI:https://journals.openedition.org/tp Greblo, Edoardo Citizenship Cosmopolitanism Human Rights Universalism Claiming Cosmopolitanism and the doctrine of human rights have different origins and historical paths. At the same time, they show a fundamental common trait: the constant reference to Universalist orientations of value tailored to the absolute value of the individual. Human rights represent the orientation compass of cosmopolitanism: they are just or legally valid on an ethical-rational level for everyone and in general, and therefore, they can be applied all over the world. However, the debate seems to have focussed on two opposing one-sidednesses: on the one hand, the anti-statist cosmopolitans, according to whom states, and the civic-political obligations they are based on, must be considered almost irrelevant from a regulatory point of view. On the other hand, many political leaders believe that the defense of human rights does not justify the violation of the principle of sovereignty, considered that the denial of peoples’ principle of self-determination organized into nation states indeed represents a first and serious violation of human rights.The thesis of the following pages is that in order to reply to the objections and promote a vision of moral cosmopolitanism not automatically arousing the suspicion that it is only the new version of an old imperial nomos, re-examination of the question of moral universalism —the essential component of any reasonable cosmopolitan position— is needed. With the discussion on the universalism of human rights on the background, you can distinguish between descriptive universalism and epistemological universalism on the one hand, and on the other a normative universalism capable of activating a “bottom-up” look, ex parte populi. The distinction may prove useful to detach the individualistic-egalitarian universalism of human rights from the ideological rhetoric that uses it to ensure better coverage of one’s external sovereignty and to draw the attention on an additional form of universalism. One capable of catalysing the political struggles that use them both as a protective resource against the continuous cycle factories of evil machines, and as a tool that can be used to allow citizens to decide how to live their lives autonomously.Instead of elaborating an ideal framework to put the relevant general normative principles into practice, “bottom-up” cosmopolitanism is inscribed within the framework of a “real” progression of universality: an effective universalization of universalistic discourses. Since every exclusion is exposed to the criticism of those who turn its own principles against it, universal values or principles acquire real strength when the struggle against false universalisms is waged by those whose oppression or subordination finds legitimacy precisely in the simulacra of universa-lism. The universality of a value or principle thus proceeds through the denial of its negations, through peculiar struggles against particular instances through which it has been co-opted or betrayed. This does not mean that struggles and demands are always crowned with success, nor that they manage to ensure that the transformation of political institutions is consistent with cosmopolitan principles. But it is precisely in the course of these struggles that oppressed and marginalized indivi-duals and groups acquire the experience and knowledge that contribute to making regulatory instruments more effective and gain the political resources capable of transforming moral principles into political obligations.
collection OpenEdition Journal
language Italien
format Article ou chapitre numérique
building 0/Bibliothèque numérique/
1/Bibliothèque numérique/OpenEdition Journals/
topic Citizenship
Cosmopolitanism
Human Rights
Universalism
Claiming
spellingShingle Citizenship
Cosmopolitanism
Human Rights
Universalism
Claiming
Greblo, Edoardo
Il cosmopolitismo e la bussola dei diritti umani
description Cosmopolitanism and the doctrine of human rights have different origins and historical paths. At the same time, they show a fundamental common trait: the constant reference to Universalist orientations of value tailored to the absolute value of the individual. Human rights represent the orientation compass of cosmopolitanism: they are just or legally valid on an ethical-rational level for everyone and in general, and therefore, they can be applied all over the world. However, the debate seems to have focussed on two opposing one-sidednesses: on the one hand, the anti-statist cosmopolitans, according to whom states, and the civic-political obligations they are based on, must be considered almost irrelevant from a regulatory point of view. On the other hand, many political leaders believe that the defense of human rights does not justify the violation of the principle of sovereignty, considered that the denial of peoples’ principle of self-determination organized into nation states indeed represents a first and serious violation of human rights.The thesis of the following pages is that in order to reply to the objections and promote a vision of moral cosmopolitanism not automatically arousing the suspicion that it is only the new version of an old imperial nomos, re-examination of the question of moral universalism —the essential component of any reasonable cosmopolitan position— is needed. With the discussion on the universalism of human rights on the background, you can distinguish between descriptive universalism and epistemological universalism on the one hand, and on the other a normative universalism capable of activating a “bottom-up” look, ex parte populi. The distinction may prove useful to detach the individualistic-egalitarian universalism of human rights from the ideological rhetoric that uses it to ensure better coverage of one’s external sovereignty and to draw the attention on an additional form of universalism. One capable of catalysing the political struggles that use them both as a protective resource against the continuous cycle factories of evil machines, and as a tool that can be used to allow citizens to decide how to live their lives autonomously.Instead of elaborating an ideal framework to put the relevant general normative principles into practice, “bottom-up” cosmopolitanism is inscribed within the framework of a “real” progression of universality: an effective universalization of universalistic discourses. Since every exclusion is exposed to the criticism of those who turn its own principles against it, universal values or principles acquire real strength when the struggle against false universalisms is waged by those whose oppression or subordination finds legitimacy precisely in the simulacra of universa-lism. The universality of a value or principle thus proceeds through the denial of its negations, through peculiar struggles against particular instances through which it has been co-opted or betrayed. This does not mean that struggles and demands are always crowned with success, nor that they manage to ensure that the transformation of political institutions is consistent with cosmopolitan principles. But it is precisely in the course of these struggles that oppressed and marginalized indivi-duals and groups acquire the experience and knowledge that contribute to making regulatory instruments more effective and gain the political resources capable of transforming moral principles into political obligations.
author Greblo, Edoardo
author_facet Greblo, Edoardo
author_sort Greblo, Edoardo
title Il cosmopolitismo e la bussola dei diritti umani
title_short Il cosmopolitismo e la bussola dei diritti umani
title_full Il cosmopolitismo e la bussola dei diritti umani
title_fullStr Il cosmopolitismo e la bussola dei diritti umani
title_full_unstemmed Il cosmopolitismo e la bussola dei diritti umani
title_sort il cosmopolitismo e la bussola dei diritti umani
publisher Teoria politica
publishDate 2022
container_title URI:https://journals.openedition.org/tp
url https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://journals.openedition.org/tp/2113
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