On the Logical Machinery of Post-Classical Dialectic: The Kitāb ʿAyn al-Naẓar of Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322)
The post-classical (or post-Avicennan, post-Rāzian) genre of the “protocols for dialectical inquiry and disputation” (ādāb al-baḥth wa-l-munāẓara) has its more proximate origins in the famed Risāla of Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322). The greater part of his conceptions and methodology, howe...
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Methodos
2022
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openedition |
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Anglais |
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Article ou chapitre numérique |
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0/Bibliothèque numérique/ 1/Bibliothèque numérique/OpenEdition Journals/ |
| topic |
causalité théorie de l'argumentation Dialectique logique arabe théorie de la dispute dialectique islamique Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (m. 722/1322) implication logique concomitance causale négation mutuelle/exclusion mutuelle jadal / munāẓara / ādāb al-baḥth talāzum / mulāzama tanāfin / munāfā dawarān / mudāwara causality argumentation theory causal concomitance Dialectic Arabic logic Islamicate dialectical disputation theory Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322) mutual negation/mutual exclusion jadal / munāẓara / ādāb al-baḥth entailment / implication talāzum / mulāzama dawarān / mudāwara tanāfin / munāfā |
| spellingShingle |
causalité théorie de l'argumentation Dialectique logique arabe théorie de la dispute dialectique islamique Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (m. 722/1322) implication logique concomitance causale négation mutuelle/exclusion mutuelle jadal / munāẓara / ādāb al-baḥth talāzum / mulāzama tanāfin / munāfā dawarān / mudāwara causality argumentation theory causal concomitance Dialectic Arabic logic Islamicate dialectical disputation theory Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322) mutual negation/mutual exclusion jadal / munāẓara / ādāb al-baḥth entailment / implication talāzum / mulāzama dawarān / mudāwara tanāfin / munāfā Young, Walter Edward On the Logical Machinery of Post-Classical Dialectic: The Kitāb ʿAyn al-Naẓar of Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322) |
| description |
The post-classical (or post-Avicennan, post-Rāzian) genre of the “protocols for dialectical inquiry and disputation” (ādāb al-baḥth wa-l-munāẓara) has its more proximate origins in the famed Risāla of Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322). The greater part of his conceptions and methodology, however, consists in a streamlining and universalizing of the more strictly juristic dialectic (jadal / khilāf) of his teacher Burhān al-Dīn al-Nasafī (d. 687/1288); and this in turn draws on the highly logicized dialectic of Rukn al-Dīn al-ʿAmīdī (d. 615/1218) and his teacher Raḍī al-Dīn al-Nīsābūrī (d. 617/1220). At the heart of methods in this lineage, and carried forward by al-Samarqandī into the universal ādāb al-baḥth, are three truth-preserving logical relationships critical to the truth-seeking enterprise of dialectic: entailment (talāzum / mulāzama), mutual negation or exclusion (tanāfin / munāfā), and causal concomitance (dawarān). The practical elaboration of these relations reveals a logic in action—a premodern dialogical logic for living disputation praxis. In fact, so critical were these to the dialectical enterprise that al-Samarqandī devoted a specialized treatise entirely to summarizing their defining features and rules, aptly naming it the ʿAyn al-Naẓar, or “Wellspring of Rational Investigation.” In this article, and drawing upon a recently published digital critical edition, I will present an analytical outline of these core logical relations as presented in the ʿAyn al-Naẓar. Then I will address a number of points of interest in this text, grouped under six themes: the potential for cross-disciplinary advancement; notions in discursive development; significant or uniquely contributive formulations; peculiarities of content; signs of an evolving, universalist agenda; and evidence that the ʿAyn al-Naẓar was designed as an aide-mémoire for the active disputant. |
| author |
Young, Walter Edward |
| author_facet |
Young, Walter Edward |
| author_sort |
Young, Walter Edward |
| title |
On the Logical Machinery of Post-Classical Dialectic: The Kitāb ʿAyn al-Naẓar of Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322) |
| title_short |
On the Logical Machinery of Post-Classical Dialectic: The Kitāb ʿAyn al-Naẓar of Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322) |
| title_full |
On the Logical Machinery of Post-Classical Dialectic: The Kitāb ʿAyn al-Naẓar of Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322) |
| title_fullStr |
On the Logical Machinery of Post-Classical Dialectic: The Kitāb ʿAyn al-Naẓar of Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
On the Logical Machinery of Post-Classical Dialectic: The Kitāb ʿAyn al-Naẓar of Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322) |
| title_sort |
on the logical machinery of post-classical dialectic: the kitāb ʿayn al-naẓar of shams al-dīn al-samarqandī (d. 722/1322) |
| publisher |
Methodos |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| container_title |
URI:https://journals.openedition.org/methodos |
| url |
https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://doi.org/10.4000/methodos.9053 https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://journals.openedition.org/methodos/9053 |
| _version_ |
1877293173504475136 |
| spelling |
openedition-oai:revues.org:methodos_9053 https://doi.org/10.4000/methodos.9053 urn:doi:10.4000/methodos.9053 en https://journals.openedition.org/methodos/9053 2022-05-31T02:00:00Z info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article info:eu-repo/semantics/article urn:handle:20.500.13089/i9ra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ On the Logical Machinery of Post-Classical Dialectic: The Kitāb ʿAyn al-Naẓar of Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322) Methodos Savoirs textes langage - UMR 8163 info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/1769-7379 info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/1626-0600 URI:https://journals.openedition.org/methodos Young, Walter Edward causalité théorie de l'argumentation Dialectique logique arabe théorie de la dispute dialectique islamique Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (m. 722/1322) implication logique concomitance causale négation mutuelle/exclusion mutuelle jadal / munāẓara / ādāb al-baḥth talāzum / mulāzama tanāfin / munāfā dawarān / mudāwara causality argumentation theory causal concomitance Dialectic Arabic logic Islamicate dialectical disputation theory Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322) mutual negation/mutual exclusion jadal / munāẓara / ādāb al-baḥth entailment / implication talāzum / mulāzama dawarān / mudāwara tanāfin / munāfā The post-classical (or post-Avicennan, post-Rāzian) genre of the “protocols for dialectical inquiry and disputation” (ādāb al-baḥth wa-l-munāẓara) has its more proximate origins in the famed Risāla of Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (d. 722/1322). The greater part of his conceptions and methodology, however, consists in a streamlining and universalizing of the more strictly juristic dialectic (jadal / khilāf) of his teacher Burhān al-Dīn al-Nasafī (d. 687/1288); and this in turn draws on the highly logicized dialectic of Rukn al-Dīn al-ʿAmīdī (d. 615/1218) and his teacher Raḍī al-Dīn al-Nīsābūrī (d. 617/1220). At the heart of methods in this lineage, and carried forward by al-Samarqandī into the universal ādāb al-baḥth, are three truth-preserving logical relationships critical to the truth-seeking enterprise of dialectic: entailment (talāzum / mulāzama), mutual negation or exclusion (tanāfin / munāfā), and causal concomitance (dawarān). The practical elaboration of these relations reveals a logic in action—a premodern dialogical logic for living disputation praxis. In fact, so critical were these to the dialectical enterprise that al-Samarqandī devoted a specialized treatise entirely to summarizing their defining features and rules, aptly naming it the ʿAyn al-Naẓar, or “Wellspring of Rational Investigation.” In this article, and drawing upon a recently published digital critical edition, I will present an analytical outline of these core logical relations as presented in the ʿAyn al-Naẓar. Then I will address a number of points of interest in this text, grouped under six themes: the potential for cross-disciplinary advancement; notions in discursive development; significant or uniquely contributive formulations; peculiarities of content; signs of an evolving, universalist agenda; and evidence that the ʿAyn al-Naẓar was designed as an aide-mémoire for the active disputant. Le genre post-classique (ou post-Avicennien, post-Rāzien) des « protocoles pour l'enquête et la discussion dialectiques » (ādāb al-baḥth wa-l-munāẓara) détient ses origines plus proches dans la célèbre Risāla de Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (m. 722/1322). L'essentiel de ses conceptions et de sa méthodologie consiste cependant à rationaliser et à universaliser la dialectique plus strictement juridique (jadal / khilāf) de son maître Burhān al-Dīn al-Nasafī (m. 687/1288) ; et s'appuie à son tour, sur la dialectique hautement logicisée de Rukn al-Dīn al-ʿAmīdī (m. 615/1218) et de son maître Raḍī al-Dīn al-Nīsābūrī (m. 617/1220). Au cœur des méthodes de cette lignée, et reportées par al-Samarqandī dans l'ādāb al-baḥth universel, se trouvent trois relations logiques préservant la vérité, essentielles à l'entreprise dialectique de recherche de la vérité : l'implication (talāzum / mulāzama), la négation mutuelle ou exclusion (tanāfin / munāfā), et la concomitance causale (dawarān). L'élaboration pratique de ces relations révèle une logique en action, ou une logique dialogique prémoderne pour vivre la praxis de la dispute. En réalité, ces relations étaient si critiques pour l'entreprise dialectique qu'al-Samarqandī a consacré tout un traité spécialisé à résumer leurs caractéristiques et règles déterminantes, le nommant à juste titre ʿAyn al-Naẓar, ou « puits de l'investigation rationnelle ». Dans cet article, et en m'appuyant sur une édition critique numérique récemment publiée, je présenterai un aperçu analytique de ces relations logiques fondamentales telles que présentées dans le ʿAyn al-Naẓar. Par la suite, j'aborderai un certain nombre de points d'intérêt dans ce texte, regroupés sous six thèmes : le potentiel d'avancement transdisciplinaire ; les notions en développement discursif ; les formulations significatives ou uniquement contributives ; particularités du contenu ; les signes d'un agenda universaliste en évolution ; et la preuve que le ʿAyn al-Naẓar a été conçu comme un aide-mémoire pour le contestataire actif. |