Navigating a Hegemonic Vacuum: Panama’s Diplomacy between U.S.–China Rivalry and Japan’s Public-Goods Approach
This study explores Panama’s diplomacy under a hegemonic vacuum shaped by declining U.S. engagement and China’s rise, while assessing Japan’s public-goods approach as a stabilizing alternative. Omar Torrijos-era multilateralism laid the foundation for adaptive strategies, framing canal restitution a...
Enregistré dans:
| Dans: | URI:https://journals.openedition.org/ideas, |
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| Auteur principal: | |
| Format: | Article ou chapitre numérique |
| Langue: | Anglais |
| Publié: |
IdeAs
2026
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| Accès en ligne: | Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM |