From Neurasthenia to Morita Therapy: the development of psychiatric knowledge in modern Japan (1900s-1930s)
The aim of this paper is to review and summarise recent historical research on neurasthenia in Japan and show how the concept of neurasthenia and its wide diffusion among the Japanese public in the early twentieth century constituted a watershed in the elaboration of psychiatric knowledge. Psychiatr...
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Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies
2022
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openedition-oai:revues.org:cjs_1489 https://doi.org/10.4000/cjs.1489 urn:doi:10.4000/cjs.1489 en https://journals.openedition.org/cjs/1489 2022-01-14T01:00:00Z info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article info:eu-repo/semantics/article urn:handle:20.500.13089/e1j6 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ From Neurasthenia to Morita Therapy: the development of psychiatric knowledge in modern Japan (1900s-1930s) Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies INALCO info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/2268-1744 URI:https://journals.openedition.org/cjs Terrail-Lormel, Sarah nervosisme thérapie Morita Morita Shōma histoire de la psychiatrie Meiji-Taishō-Shōwa neurasthénie Morita therapy Morita Shōma history of psychiatry Meiji-Taishō-Shōwa Neurasthenia nervosity (shinkeishitsu) The aim of this paper is to review and summarise recent historical research on neurasthenia in Japan and show how the concept of neurasthenia and its wide diffusion among the Japanese public in the early twentieth century constituted a watershed in the elaboration of psychiatric knowledge. Psychiatry became established in Japan as a medical discipline and a system of care for the mentally ill in the 1880s, but its views on mental illness and the treatments it espoused only gradually gained legitimacy among the public. The notion of neurasthenia – which was imported as a disease category by Japanese psychiatrists in the 1880s and assimilated by the general public after the end of the Russo-Japanese War (1905) – provided a new lens through which the Japanese could grasp everyday physical and mental complaints by placing them in the social and cultural context of the “process of civilisation” and the “struggle for existence”. In this way, the concept of neurasthenia brought a new sphere of individual experience into the realm of psychiatric expertise and contributed to the production of new psychiatric knowledge by generating a growing number of sufferers in search of a cure. Between the 1910s and 1930s, psychiatrist Morita Shōma (1874–1938) developed a novel theory and psychotherapy for neurasthenia that lay at the crossroads of Western psychiatric and psychological knowledge and popular Japanese therapies of the day. Tout en synthétisant les apports récents de la recherche historique sur la neurasthénie au Japon, cet article vise à montrer comment le concept de neurasthénie et sa large diffusion dans le grand public japonais au début du xxe siècle, ont constitué une forme de « fabrique du savoir psychiatrique ». Instituée au Japon dès les années 1880 comme discipline médicale et système de soin de la maladie mentale, ce n’est que très progressivement que la psychiatrie parvient à légitimer auprès du public japonais sa conception de la maladie mentale et ses thérapies. La notion de neurasthénie, importée dans la nosologie des psychiatres japonais dès les années 1880 et adoptée par le grand public à partir de la fin de la guerre russo-japonaise (1905), devient alors un outil nouveau grâce auquel les Japonais vont appréhender des maux physiques et psychiques du quotidien tout en les inscrivant dans le contexte social et culturel du « processus de civilisation » et de la « lutte pour la survie », contribuant ainsi à ouvrir cette sphère du vécu individuel à l’expertise des psychiatres. En retour, ayant produit de nombreux neurasthéniques en quête de guérison, la vague de la neurasthénie engendre également de nouveaux savoirs psychiatriques. Le psychiatre Morita Shōma (1874-1938) élabore ainsi entre les années 1910-1930 une théorie psychologique et une psychothérapie originales de la neurasthénie, au croisement du savoir psychiatrique et psychologique occidental et des thérapies alors populaires au Japon. |
| collection |
OpenEdition Journal |
| language |
Anglais |
| format |
Article ou chapitre numérique |
| building |
0/Bibliothèque numérique/ 1/Bibliothèque numérique/OpenEdition Journals/ |
| topic |
nervosisme thérapie Morita Morita Shōma histoire de la psychiatrie Meiji-Taishō-Shōwa neurasthénie Morita therapy Morita Shōma history of psychiatry Meiji-Taishō-Shōwa Neurasthenia nervosity (shinkeishitsu) |
| spellingShingle |
nervosisme thérapie Morita Morita Shōma histoire de la psychiatrie Meiji-Taishō-Shōwa neurasthénie Morita therapy Morita Shōma history of psychiatry Meiji-Taishō-Shōwa Neurasthenia nervosity (shinkeishitsu) Terrail-Lormel, Sarah From Neurasthenia to Morita Therapy: the development of psychiatric knowledge in modern Japan (1900s-1930s) |
| description |
The aim of this paper is to review and summarise recent historical research on neurasthenia in Japan and show how the concept of neurasthenia and its wide diffusion among the Japanese public in the early twentieth century constituted a watershed in the elaboration of psychiatric knowledge. Psychiatry became established in Japan as a medical discipline and a system of care for the mentally ill in the 1880s, but its views on mental illness and the treatments it espoused only gradually gained legitimacy among the public. The notion of neurasthenia – which was imported as a disease category by Japanese psychiatrists in the 1880s and assimilated by the general public after the end of the Russo-Japanese War (1905) – provided a new lens through which the Japanese could grasp everyday physical and mental complaints by placing them in the social and cultural context of the “process of civilisation” and the “struggle for existence”. In this way, the concept of neurasthenia brought a new sphere of individual experience into the realm of psychiatric expertise and contributed to the production of new psychiatric knowledge by generating a growing number of sufferers in search of a cure. Between the 1910s and 1930s, psychiatrist Morita Shōma (1874–1938) developed a novel theory and psychotherapy for neurasthenia that lay at the crossroads of Western psychiatric and psychological knowledge and popular Japanese therapies of the day. |
| author |
Terrail-Lormel, Sarah |
| author_facet |
Terrail-Lormel, Sarah |
| author_sort |
Terrail-Lormel, Sarah |
| title |
From Neurasthenia to Morita Therapy: the development of psychiatric knowledge in modern Japan (1900s-1930s) |
| title_short |
From Neurasthenia to Morita Therapy: the development of psychiatric knowledge in modern Japan (1900s-1930s) |
| title_full |
From Neurasthenia to Morita Therapy: the development of psychiatric knowledge in modern Japan (1900s-1930s) |
| title_fullStr |
From Neurasthenia to Morita Therapy: the development of psychiatric knowledge in modern Japan (1900s-1930s) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
From Neurasthenia to Morita Therapy: the development of psychiatric knowledge in modern Japan (1900s-1930s) |
| title_sort |
from neurasthenia to morita therapy: the development of psychiatric knowledge in modern japan (1900s-1930s) |
| publisher |
Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| container_title |
URI:https://journals.openedition.org/cjs |
| url |
https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://doi.org/10.4000/cjs.1489 https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://journals.openedition.org/cjs/1489 |
| _version_ |
1877293333475229696 |