Yugoslav female partisans in World War II
Women public engagement, during the war, was very important for process of emancipation in post war Yugoslavia. This was first time that women joined military forces, especially combat unites. In addition to the Soviet partisan units that from 1941 sprang up over the large territories under the Germ...
Sábháilte in:
| Foilsithe in: | URI:https://journals.openedition.org/ceb, |
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| Príomhchruthaitheoir: | |
| Formáid: | Article ou chapitre numérique |
| Teanga: | Anglais |
| Foilsithe / Cruthaithe: |
Cahiers balkaniques
2013
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| Ábhair: | |
| Rochtain ar líne: | Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM |
| id |
openedition-oai:revues.org:ceb_3971 |
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| record_format |
openedition |
| collection |
OpenEdition Journal |
| language |
Anglais |
| format |
Article ou chapitre numérique |
| building |
0/Bibliothèque numérique/ 1/Bibliothèque numérique/OpenEdition Journals/ |
| topic |
Γιουγκοσλαβία Ιστορία Ιστορία των γυναικών Δεύτερος Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος Ανταρτίνες Γυναίκες στο μέτωπο Γυναίκες στο Κομμουνιστικό κόμμα Χειραφέτηση των γυναικών Yugoslavya Tarih Ilk Dünya Savaşı Kadın Tarihi Kadın-partizan Savaşında Kadın Komünist Parti kadınları Kadınların güçlendirilmesi Југославија Историја Историјата на жените Втората светска војна Жени отпорни Жените на предната Жените во Комунистичката партија Зајакнување на женитем ELAS femmes-partisans femmes au front femmes dans le Parti Communiste émancipation des femmes AFŽJ NOVJ KPJ SKOJ NKOJ women history women-partisan women on the front women in the Communist Party women emancipation Second World War |
| spellingShingle |
Γιουγκοσλαβία Ιστορία Ιστορία των γυναικών Δεύτερος Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος Ανταρτίνες Γυναίκες στο μέτωπο Γυναίκες στο Κομμουνιστικό κόμμα Χειραφέτηση των γυναικών Yugoslavya Tarih Ilk Dünya Savaşı Kadın Tarihi Kadın-partizan Savaşında Kadın Komünist Parti kadınları Kadınların güçlendirilmesi Југославија Историја Историјата на жените Втората светска војна Жени отпорни Жените на предната Жените во Комунистичката партија Зајакнување на женитем ELAS femmes-partisans femmes au front femmes dans le Parti Communiste émancipation des femmes AFŽJ NOVJ KPJ SKOJ NKOJ women history women-partisan women on the front women in the Communist Party women emancipation Second World War Pantelić, Ivana Yugoslav female partisans in World War II |
| description |
Women public engagement, during the war, was very important for process of emancipation in post war Yugoslavia. This was first time that women joined military forces, especially combat unites. In addition to the Soviet partisan units that from 1941 sprang up over the large territories under the German occupation and the great French resistance, the two largest guerrilla forces in Europe operated in the Balkans: the communist movement in Yugoslavia and The Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS). The Yugoslav Partisans and the ELAS were not only fighting for liberation from the occupier, but they also began the Communist Revolution. In addition to establishing the socialist system following the model of the Soviet Republic, one goal was to legalize gender equality and to accelerate the emancipation of women. During the war female partisans (partizanke) gained their role in the new society, the role that would, in the ideal new society after the war, be secured for the entire female gender. By the end of 1941, People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia had accepted a new concept of warfare: the establishment of highly mobile proletarian brigades in which women constituted a significant part of the medical corps. In early 1942, however, the partisan leadership decided to make combat roles officially available to women. During the war women were not able to progress to the higher command or political positions in the military. Also, there were no women in the top ranks of the Communist Party leadership (Politburo). Women were indeed in symbolic numbers chosen to the highest institutions of the Partisan state. A body that gave an opportunity to women to self-organize politically and through this to activate as many women as possible was the Women's Antifascist Front of Yugoslavia (Antifašistički front žena Jugoslavije – AFŽJ). AFŽJ held its first conference in Bosanski Petrovac (northwestern Bosnia) on 5–7 December 1942. The fact that women, despite the aspirations of the Party to win them over, and in spite of customized organizational structure, were poorly represented in the membership of the Party and its leadership, limited the participation of women during the war. Although they were not equally represented in political parties and the partisan institutions of the state, partizanke were more proportionally represented in People's Liberation Army than in the most other similar armies, and won more of the highest awards than female members of the Red Army. |
| author |
Pantelić, Ivana |
| author_facet |
Pantelić, Ivana |
| author_sort |
Pantelić, Ivana |
| title |
Yugoslav female partisans in World War II |
| title_short |
Yugoslav female partisans in World War II |
| title_full |
Yugoslav female partisans in World War II |
| title_fullStr |
Yugoslav female partisans in World War II |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Yugoslav female partisans in World War II |
| title_sort |
yugoslav female partisans in world war ii |
| publisher |
Cahiers balkaniques |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| container_title |
URI:https://journals.openedition.org/ceb |
| url |
https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://doi.org/10.4000/ceb.3971 https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://journals.openedition.org/ceb/3971 |
| _version_ |
1877294521099747328 |
| spelling |
openedition-oai:revues.org:ceb_3971 https://doi.org/10.4000/ceb.3971 urn:doi:10.4000/ceb.3971 en https://journals.openedition.org/ceb/3971 2013-06-03T02:00:00Z info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article info:eu-repo/semantics/article urn:handle:20.500.13089/dncp https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Yugoslav female partisans in World War II Cahiers balkaniques INALCO info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/2261-4184 info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/0290-7402 URI:https://journals.openedition.org/ceb Pantelić, Ivana Yougoslavie Γιουγκοσλαβία Ιστορία Ιστορία των γυναικών Δεύτερος Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος Ανταρτίνες Γυναίκες στο μέτωπο Γυναίκες στο Κομμουνιστικό κόμμα Χειραφέτηση των γυναικών Yugoslavya Tarih Ilk Dünya Savaşı Kadın Tarihi Kadın-partizan Savaşında Kadın Komünist Parti kadınları Kadınların güçlendirilmesi Југославија Историја Историјата на жените Втората светска војна Жени отпорни Жените на предната Жените во Комунистичката партија Зајакнување на женитем ELAS femmes-partisans femmes au front femmes dans le Parti Communiste émancipation des femmes AFŽJ NOVJ KPJ SKOJ NKOJ women history women-partisan women on the front women in the Communist Party women emancipation Second World War Women public engagement, during the war, was very important for process of emancipation in post war Yugoslavia. This was first time that women joined military forces, especially combat unites. In addition to the Soviet partisan units that from 1941 sprang up over the large territories under the German occupation and the great French resistance, the two largest guerrilla forces in Europe operated in the Balkans: the communist movement in Yugoslavia and The Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS). The Yugoslav Partisans and the ELAS were not only fighting for liberation from the occupier, but they also began the Communist Revolution. In addition to establishing the socialist system following the model of the Soviet Republic, one goal was to legalize gender equality and to accelerate the emancipation of women. During the war female partisans (partizanke) gained their role in the new society, the role that would, in the ideal new society after the war, be secured for the entire female gender. By the end of 1941, People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia had accepted a new concept of warfare: the establishment of highly mobile proletarian brigades in which women constituted a significant part of the medical corps. In early 1942, however, the partisan leadership decided to make combat roles officially available to women. During the war women were not able to progress to the higher command or political positions in the military. Also, there were no women in the top ranks of the Communist Party leadership (Politburo). Women were indeed in symbolic numbers chosen to the highest institutions of the Partisan state. A body that gave an opportunity to women to self-organize politically and through this to activate as many women as possible was the Women's Antifascist Front of Yugoslavia (Antifašistički front žena Jugoslavije – AFŽJ). AFŽJ held its first conference in Bosanski Petrovac (northwestern Bosnia) on 5–7 December 1942. The fact that women, despite the aspirations of the Party to win them over, and in spite of customized organizational structure, were poorly represented in the membership of the Party and its leadership, limited the participation of women during the war. Although they were not equally represented in political parties and the partisan institutions of the state, partizanke were more proportionally represented in People's Liberation Army than in the most other similar armies, and won more of the highest awards than female members of the Red Army. L'engagement public des femmes pendant la Guerre a été très important pour le processus de leur émancipation dans la Yougoslavie de l'après-guerre. Pour la première fois des femmes rejoignirent les forces armées, spécialement des unités de combat. En plus des unités soviétiques de partisans qui, à partir de 1941, surgirent sur de larges territoires sous occupation allemande et de l'importante résistance française, les deux plus grandes forces de guérillas qui ont opéré en Europe furent le mouvement communiste en Yougoslavie et l'Armée de Libération populaire grecque (ELAS). Les Partisans yougoslaves et l'ELAS ne luttaient pas seulement contre l'occupant, ils commençaient aussi une révolution communiste. En plus d'établir un système socialiste selon le modèle soviétique, l'un de leurs buts était de proclamer l'égalité des sexes et d'accélérer l'émancipation des femmes. Les femmes partisanes (Partizanke) obtinrent un rôle dans la société, rôle qui serait dans la société idéale nouvelle de l'après-guerre, assuré à toutes les femmes. À la fin de 1941, l'Armée populaire de Libération Yougoslave avait adopté une nouvelle tactique : la création de brigades prolétariennes très mobiles dans lesquelles les femmes constituaient une part importante du personnel médical. Au début de 1942 cependant, les dirigeants des partisans acceptèrent de donner des postes de combat aux femmes. Pendant la guerre, les femmes n'ont pu atteindre des postes élevés dans l'armée ni en politique. Il n'y eut pas non plus de femmes dans les postes les plus élevés de la hiérarchie du Parti communiste (Politburo). Les femmes étaient choisies pour figurer symboliquement dans les hautes institutions de l'État partisan. Mais le Front antifasciste des Femmes de Yougoslavie qui tint sa première Conférence à Bosanski Petrovac (NW de la Bosnie) les 5–7 décembre 1942 leur a donné la possibilité de s'auto-organiser politiquement et d'éveiller ainsi le plus grand nombre de femmes.Le fait que des femmes, malgré le désir du Parti de les attirer à lui, et en dépit de structures d'organisation personnalisées, ont été pauvrement représentées parmi les membres du Parti et sa direction limita la participation féminine pendant la Guerre. Mais bien qu’inégalement représentées dans les partis politiques et les institutions partisanes de l'État, les partizanke ont été proportionnellement plus représentées dans l'Armée de Libération populaire que dans la plupart des armées similaires et ont gagné plus de médailles et récompenses élevées que les femmes de l'Armée rouge. |