The attitude of the Beys of the Albanian Southern Provinces (Toskaria) towards Ali Pasha Tepedelenli and the Sublime Porte (mid-18th-mid-19th centuries)
This article tries to trace the policy of a powerful administrative, economic and military provincial elite of the Ottoman-Albanian southern provinces, that of the beys of Toskaria through the typical family of the Beys of Valona, from the mid-18th to the mid-19th centuries. In this period took plac...
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| Format: | Article ou chapitre numérique |
| Sprog: | Anglais |
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Cahiers balkaniques
2014
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| Online adgang: | Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM |
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openedition-oai:revues.org:ceb_3520 |
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| record_format |
openedition |
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OpenEdition Journal |
| language |
Anglais |
| format |
Article ou chapitre numérique |
| building |
0/Bibliothèque numérique/ 1/Bibliothèque numérique/OpenEdition Journals/ |
| topic |
Albania History Ali Pascha Ottoman Albania ottoman Empire Vlorë-Valona-Avlon Αλβανία οθωμανική Αλβανία Αλής Πασάς Οθωμανική αυτοκρατορία Ιστορία Αυλώνα-Βαλόνα Arnavutluk Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Vlore Osmanlı Arnavutluk Ali Paşa Tarih Албанија Отоманската империја Валона Албанија Отоманската Али Паша историја Ali Pacha Albanie ottomane Vlorë-Valona-Avlon |
| spellingShingle |
Albania History Ali Pascha Ottoman Albania ottoman Empire Vlorë-Valona-Avlon Αλβανία οθωμανική Αλβανία Αλής Πασάς Οθωμανική αυτοκρατορία Ιστορία Αυλώνα-Βαλόνα Arnavutluk Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Vlore Osmanlı Arnavutluk Ali Paşa Tarih Албанија Отоманската империја Валона Албанија Отоманската Али Паша историја Ali Pacha Albanie ottomane Vlorë-Valona-Avlon Papageorgiou, Stefanos P. The attitude of the Beys of the Albanian Southern Provinces (Toskaria) towards Ali Pasha Tepedelenli and the Sublime Porte (mid-18th-mid-19th centuries) |
| description |
This article tries to trace the policy of a powerful administrative, economic and military provincial elite of the Ottoman-Albanian southern provinces, that of the beys of Toskaria through the typical family of the Beys of Valona, from the mid-18th to the mid-19th centuries. In this period took place an important development in the wider area: the decay of the timariot system (dirlik) and the predominance of the large estates (çiftliks). This development vitiated the already weak central ottoman government –the Sublime Porte– and consolidated the power of the landowners-beys.The absence of a central authority, however, created a status of lawlessness and anarchy, a problem which was treated–not by the intervention of the Sublime Porte–, but by the creation of the great Paşalik of Yannina. Ali Pasha, the vali of Yannina, an Albanian bey from Tepelenë, filled the vacuum of power that left the inability of the Porte and, gradually, managed to bring under his control all the southern provinces of Albania. In the ensuing conflict between the Porte and Ali Pasha, the Beys of Toskaria allied themselves with the Sultan’s forces expecting to regain all those privileges which had abolished the Albanian toparch. The Porte, however, did not show willing to restore the ancien regime of the pre-Tepelenli period and imposed forcefully its power, as well as the administrative and tax reformative measures of Mahmud II, in the wider area.The beys rebelled but they lost the battle and were forced to reassess their attitude towards the Porte. So, they chose to return back to the Ottoman legitimacy and thus tried to regain their lost prestige, power and wealth, not as unruly regional chieftains but as loyal Ottoman administrative or/and military officers. |
| author |
Papageorgiou, Stefanos P. |
| author_facet |
Papageorgiou, Stefanos P. |
| author_sort |
Papageorgiou, Stefanos P. |
| title |
The attitude of the Beys of the Albanian Southern Provinces (Toskaria) towards Ali Pasha Tepedelenli and the Sublime Porte (mid-18th-mid-19th centuries) |
| title_short |
The attitude of the Beys of the Albanian Southern Provinces (Toskaria) towards Ali Pasha Tepedelenli and the Sublime Porte (mid-18th-mid-19th centuries) |
| title_full |
The attitude of the Beys of the Albanian Southern Provinces (Toskaria) towards Ali Pasha Tepedelenli and the Sublime Porte (mid-18th-mid-19th centuries) |
| title_fullStr |
The attitude of the Beys of the Albanian Southern Provinces (Toskaria) towards Ali Pasha Tepedelenli and the Sublime Porte (mid-18th-mid-19th centuries) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The attitude of the Beys of the Albanian Southern Provinces (Toskaria) towards Ali Pasha Tepedelenli and the Sublime Porte (mid-18th-mid-19th centuries) |
| title_sort |
attitude of the beys of the albanian southern provinces (toskaria) towards ali pasha tepedelenli and the sublime porte (mid-18th-mid-19th centuries) |
| publisher |
Cahiers balkaniques |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| container_title |
URI:https://journals.openedition.org/ceb |
| url |
https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://doi.org/10.4000/ceb.3520 https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://journals.openedition.org/ceb/3520 |
| _version_ |
1877294480735862784 |
| spelling |
openedition-oai:revues.org:ceb_3520 https://doi.org/10.4000/ceb.3520 urn:doi:10.4000/ceb.3520 en https://journals.openedition.org/ceb/3520 2014-06-11T02:00:00Z info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article info:eu-repo/semantics/article urn:handle:20.500.13089/dnci https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ The attitude of the Beys of the Albanian Southern Provinces (Toskaria) towards Ali Pasha Tepedelenli and the Sublime Porte (mid-18th-mid-19th centuries) Cahiers balkaniques INALCO info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/2261-4184 info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/0290-7402 URI:https://journals.openedition.org/ceb Papageorgiou, Stefanos P. Albania History Ali Pascha Ottoman Albania ottoman Empire Vlorë-Valona-Avlon Αλβανία οθωμανική Αλβανία Αλής Πασάς Οθωμανική αυτοκρατορία Ιστορία Αυλώνα-Βαλόνα Arnavutluk Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Vlore Osmanlı Arnavutluk Ali Paşa Tarih Албанија Отоманската империја Валона Албанија Отоманската Али Паша историја Ali Pacha Albanie ottomane Vlorë-Valona-Avlon This article tries to trace the policy of a powerful administrative, economic and military provincial elite of the Ottoman-Albanian southern provinces, that of the beys of Toskaria through the typical family of the Beys of Valona, from the mid-18th to the mid-19th centuries. In this period took place an important development in the wider area: the decay of the timariot system (dirlik) and the predominance of the large estates (çiftliks). This development vitiated the already weak central ottoman government –the Sublime Porte– and consolidated the power of the landowners-beys.The absence of a central authority, however, created a status of lawlessness and anarchy, a problem which was treated–not by the intervention of the Sublime Porte–, but by the creation of the great Paşalik of Yannina. Ali Pasha, the vali of Yannina, an Albanian bey from Tepelenë, filled the vacuum of power that left the inability of the Porte and, gradually, managed to bring under his control all the southern provinces of Albania. In the ensuing conflict between the Porte and Ali Pasha, the Beys of Toskaria allied themselves with the Sultan’s forces expecting to regain all those privileges which had abolished the Albanian toparch. The Porte, however, did not show willing to restore the ancien regime of the pre-Tepelenli period and imposed forcefully its power, as well as the administrative and tax reformative measures of Mahmud II, in the wider area.The beys rebelled but they lost the battle and were forced to reassess their attitude towards the Porte. So, they chose to return back to the Ottoman legitimacy and thus tried to regain their lost prestige, power and wealth, not as unruly regional chieftains but as loyal Ottoman administrative or/and military officers. Cet article se propose de retracer la politique de l’élite administrative, économique et militaire provinciale puissante des provinces sud albano-ottomanes, celle des Beys de Toskaria, à travers la famille typique des beys de Valona, du milieu du xviiie siècle au milieu du xixe siècle.Cette période fut celle d’un important développement dans une aire plus large : déclin du système timariote (dirlik) et prédominance de la grande propriété (tchifliks). Ces changements ont affaibli le déjà faible gouvernement central ottoman – la Sublime Porte – et consolidé le pouvoir des beys propriétaires terriens.L’absence d’une autorité centrale cependant, créa un état d’anomie et d’anarchie, un problème qui fut traité non par l’intervention de la Sublime Porte, mais par la création du grand pachalik de Ioannina. Ali Pacha, vali de Ionnina, un bey albanais de Tebelen, remplit le vide de pouvoir que laissait l’incapacité de la Porte et réussit progressivement à prendre le contrôle de toutes les provinces méridionales albanaises. Dans le conflit qui suivit entre la Porte et Ali Pacha, les beys de Toskaria s’allièrent aux forces du Sultan dans l’espoir de regagner leurs privilèges abolis par le chef local albanais. La Porte cependant, ne montra aucun désir de restaurer l’ancien régime de la période pré-Tebelen et imposa son pouvoir, comme les réformes administratives et fiscales de Mahmud II. Les beys se sont rebellés, mais perdirent la bataille et durent revoir leur attitude envers la Porte. Aussi choisirent-ils de revenir à la légitimité ottomane, essayant ainsi de regagner leur prestige, pouvoir et richesses perdus, non plus comme des chefs régionaux sans règles, mais comme de loyaux Ottomans, officiers administratifs et/ou militaires. Αυτό το άρθρο σκοπεύει να εξιστορεί την πολιτική των διοικητικών, οικονομικών και στρατιωτικών αρχόντων στις νότιες αλβανο-οθωμανικές περιοχές, -των μπέηδων της Τοσκαριάς-, με την παραδειγματική οικογένεια των μπέηδων της Βαλόνας, από τη μέση του 18ου αιώνα ως τη μέση του 19ου. Αυτή η περίοδος αντιστοιχεί σε μία σημαντική ανάπτυξη σ΄ένα ευρύτερο πλαίσιο: παρακμή του τιμαριωτού συστήματος [dirlik] και κυριαρχία του τσιφλικιού. Αυτές οι αλλαγές εξασθένισαν την ήδη αδύνατη κεντρική οθωμανική εξουσία -η Πύλη- και ενίσχυσαν την εξουσία των γεωκτημώνων.Η απουσία μίας κεντρικής εξουσίας δημιούργησε όμως μία κατάσταση ανομίας και αναρχίας, ένα πρόβλημα το οποίο λύθηκε όχι από την επέμβαση της Υψηλής Πύλης αλλά με την δημιουργία του μεγάλου πασαλικιού της Ιωάννινας. Ο Αλή Πασάς, αλβανός βάλης της Τεπελένης, κατείχε το κενό το οποίο άφηνε η ανικανότητα της Υψηλής Πύλης και κατάφερε σταδιακά να ελέγξει όλες τις νότιες αλβανικές περιοχές. Στην σύγκρουση που ακολούθησε ανάμεσα στην Πύλη και στον Αλή Πασά, οι μπέηδες τηε Τοσκαριάς έκαναν συμμαχία με τις δυνάμεις του Σουλτάνου με την ελπίδα να επανακτήσουν να προνόμοια τα οποία είχαν καταργηθεί από τον αλβανό τοπάρχη. Η Πύλη όμως δεν έδειξε καμμία προθυμία να αποκαθιστά το παλιό καθεστώς της προ-Τεπελένη περιόδου και επέβαλε την εξουσία του, όπως και τις διοικητικές και φορολογικές μεταρρυθμίσεις του Μαχμουτ 2ου.Οι μπέηδες στάσιασαν αλλά έχασαν και αναγκάστηκαν να αλλάξουν στάση προς την Πύλη. Έτσι διάλεξαν τον γυρισμό στην οθωμανική νομιμότητα, ελπίζοντας να ξαναβρούν το κύρος, την εξουσία και τα πλούτη τους, όχι πλέον σαν άνομους τοπάρχες, αλλά σαν τίμιους οθωμανούς, διοικητικούς ή στρατιωτικούς αξιωματικούς. |