A Mamluk Handbook for Judges and the Doctrine of Legal Consequences (al‑mūǧab)
Abstract: By the fifteenth century, many legal jurisdictions throughout the Mamluk realm were pluralistic: all of the four Sunni maḏhab‑s were represented by their own courts within a single political jurisdiction. Naturally, this pluralism had the potential of descending into judicial chaos, if jud...
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| Publicat a: | URI:https://journals.openedition.org/beo, |
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| Format: | Article ou chapitre numérique |
| Idioma: | Anglais |
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Bulletin d’études orientales
2016
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| Accés en línia: | Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM |
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openedition-oai:revues.org:beo_3203 |
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openedition |
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OpenEdition Journal |
| language |
Anglais |
| format |
Article ou chapitre numérique |
| building |
0/Bibliothèque numérique/ 1/Bibliothèque numérique/OpenEdition Journals/ |
| topic |
pluralisme judiciaire Droit islamique système judiciaire mamluk conflit de lois système juridique règles juridiques judicial pluralism Islamic jurisprudence Mamluk judiciary conflict of laws legal systems legal rules الفقه الإسلامي تاريخ النظام القضائي المملوكي التعددية القضائية تنازع القواني النظم القانونية القواعد القانونية |
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pluralisme judiciaire Droit islamique système judiciaire mamluk conflit de lois système juridique règles juridiques judicial pluralism Islamic jurisprudence Mamluk judiciary conflict of laws legal systems legal rules الفقه الإسلامي تاريخ النظام القضائي المملوكي التعددية القضائية تنازع القواني النظم القانونية القواعد القانونية Al‑Azem, Talal A Mamluk Handbook for Judges and the Doctrine of Legal Consequences (al‑mūǧab) |
| description |
Abstract: By the fifteenth century, many legal jurisdictions throughout the Mamluk realm were pluralistic: all of the four Sunni maḏhab‑s were represented by their own courts within a single political jurisdiction. Naturally, this pluralism had the potential of descending into judicial chaos, if judges hailing from different maḏhab‑s were to refuse or negate the judgments of parallel maḏhab‑jurisdictions. It is towards addressing this and other concerns regarding the judiciary that the Ḥanafī jurist al‑Qāsim Ibn Quṭlūbuġā (d. 879/1474) authored a handbook for judges, Mūǧabāt al‑aḥkām wa‑wāqiʿāt al‑ayyām. After providing an overview of the structure and objective of the work, this article addresses its first and central theme — namely, the doctrine of “legal consequence” (al‑mūǧab) — and analyzes how the set of procedural rules associated with this doctrine were part of a solution to the conflict of laws latent in a multi‑maḏhab judiciary. I argue that this doctrine, one of a number of such jurisprudential doctrines and procedures shared by the maḏhab‑s, is evidence of the development of a wider maḏhab-law legal system underpinning the four Sunni maḏhab‑s in the Mamluk era. |
| author |
Al‑Azem, Talal |
| author_facet |
Al‑Azem, Talal |
| author_sort |
Al‑Azem, Talal |
| title |
A Mamluk Handbook for Judges and the Doctrine of Legal Consequences (al‑mūǧab) |
| title_short |
A Mamluk Handbook for Judges and the Doctrine of Legal Consequences (al‑mūǧab) |
| title_full |
A Mamluk Handbook for Judges and the Doctrine of Legal Consequences (al‑mūǧab) |
| title_fullStr |
A Mamluk Handbook for Judges and the Doctrine of Legal Consequences (al‑mūǧab) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Mamluk Handbook for Judges and the Doctrine of Legal Consequences (al‑mūǧab) |
| title_sort |
mamluk handbook for judges and the doctrine of legal consequences (al‑mūǧab) |
| publisher |
Bulletin d’études orientales |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| container_title |
URI:https://journals.openedition.org/beo |
| url |
https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://doi.org/10.4000/beo.3203 https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://journals.openedition.org/beo/3203 |
| _version_ |
1877242455388061696 |
| spelling |
openedition-oai:revues.org:beo_3203 https://doi.org/10.4000/beo.3203 urn:doi:10.4000/beo.3203 en https://journals.openedition.org/beo/3203 2016-11-24T01:00:00Z info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article info:eu-repo/semantics/article urn:handle:20.500.13089/d8zo All rights reserved A Mamluk Handbook for Judges and the Doctrine of Legal Consequences (al‑mūǧab) Bulletin d’études orientales Presses de l’Institut français du Proche-Orient info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/2077-4079 info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/0253-1623 URI:https://journals.openedition.org/beo Al‑Azem, Talal pluralisme judiciaire Droit islamique système judiciaire mamluk conflit de lois système juridique règles juridiques judicial pluralism Islamic jurisprudence Mamluk judiciary conflict of laws legal systems legal rules الفقه الإسلامي تاريخ النظام القضائي المملوكي التعددية القضائية تنازع القواني النظم القانونية القواعد القانونية Abstract: By the fifteenth century, many legal jurisdictions throughout the Mamluk realm were pluralistic: all of the four Sunni maḏhab‑s were represented by their own courts within a single political jurisdiction. Naturally, this pluralism had the potential of descending into judicial chaos, if judges hailing from different maḏhab‑s were to refuse or negate the judgments of parallel maḏhab‑jurisdictions. It is towards addressing this and other concerns regarding the judiciary that the Ḥanafī jurist al‑Qāsim Ibn Quṭlūbuġā (d. 879/1474) authored a handbook for judges, Mūǧabāt al‑aḥkām wa‑wāqiʿāt al‑ayyām. After providing an overview of the structure and objective of the work, this article addresses its first and central theme — namely, the doctrine of “legal consequence” (al‑mūǧab) — and analyzes how the set of procedural rules associated with this doctrine were part of a solution to the conflict of laws latent in a multi‑maḏhab judiciary. I argue that this doctrine, one of a number of such jurisprudential doctrines and procedures shared by the maḏhab‑s, is evidence of the development of a wider maḏhab-law legal system underpinning the four Sunni maḏhab‑s in the Mamluk era. Résumé : Au xve siècle, de nombreuses juridictions de l’empire mamluk se caractérisaient par leur pluralisme. Les quatre maḏhab‑s sunnites étaient chacun représentés par leur propre tribunal au sein d’une même juridiction politique. Un tel pluralisme risquait de conduire au chaos judiciaire si des juges provenant de différents maḏhab‑s refusaient ou annulaient le jugement énoncé par le tribunal d’un maḏhab parallèle. C’est entre autres choses afin de résoudre ce problème que le juriste ḥanafite al‑Qāsim Ibn Quṭlūbuġā (m. 879/1474) rédigea un manuel destiné aux juges, Mūǧabāt al‑aḥkām wa‑wāqiʿāt al‑ayyām. Après avoir présenté la structure et les objectifs de l’ouvrage, le présent article en aborde le thème central – la doctrine de la “conséquence juridique” (al‑mūǧab) – et analyse la manière dont les règles de procédures associées à cette doctrine contribuaient à résoudre le conflit de lois latent dans un appareil judiciaire contrôlé par plusieurs maḏhab‑s. Je propose que cette doctrine, qui représente l’une des nombreuses règles relatives aux procédures partagées par les différents maḏhab‑s, illustre le développement d’un système juridique et judiciaire global, permettant de consolider le fonctionnement des quatre maḏhab‑s sunnites à l’époque mamluke. الملخص : بحلول القرن الخامس عشر الميلادي، كان الكثير من المنظمات القضائيّة في الولايات المملوكيّة تتّسم بالتعدديّة : فإن كلّ من المذاهب السنيّة الأربعة تمثله محكمة خاصّة تحت الولاية السياسية المملوكية الواحدة. فكادت تؤدي هذه التعدديّة إلى فوضى قضائيّ إذا رفض قضاة المذاهب المختلفة الأحكام الصادرة عن مذهب آخر أو أبطلوها. وبهدف تطوير أجوبة فقهيّة وقضائية إجرائية لهذه المشكلة، لقد قام الفقيه الحنفيّ القاسم بن قطلوبغا (ت ٨٧٩/١٤٧٤) بتأليف كتابه موجبات الأحكام وواقعات الأيام. فبعد نظرة شمولية لهيكليّة وغايات هذا الكتاب، سيتطرّق هذا البحث إلى موضوعه الأول والمركزي – ألا وهي نظرية الموجب – وكيف كانت القواعد الإجرائية الحاصلة من هذه النظرية تشكل جزءاً من الحل لمشكلة التعارض الحكمي المحتمل من نظام مبني على التعدديّة القضائية. وأزعم أن هذه النظرية – وهي إحدى النظريات الفقهية والإجرائيات القضائية التي تشترك فيها المذاهب – تدلّ على تطور تاريخي لنظامٍ قضائيٍّ مذهبيٍّ شامل وواسع النطاق يدعم المذاهب السنية الأربعة في العصر المملوكي. |