Ancient Chinese Cemeteries of Indonesia as Vanishing Landmarks of the Past (17th-20th c.)
Despite the incessant expenditures over time, both individually and collectively, by the Chinese of Indonesia to conserve and secure their graves, they have never been really protected from destruction. As early as 1668, the community of Batavia lodged a complaint against a group of Ambonese who res...
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| Vydáno v: | URI:https://journals.openedition.org/archipel, |
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| Médium: | Article ou chapitre numérique |
| Jazyk: | Anglais |
| Vydáno: |
Archipel
2017
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| On-line přístup: | Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM |
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openedition |
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openedition-oai:revues.org:archipel_282 https://doi.org/10.4000/archipel.282 urn:doi:10.4000/archipel.282 en https://journals.openedition.org/archipel/282 2017-02-16T01:00:00Z info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article info:eu-repo/semantics/article urn:handle:20.500.13089/a1vh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ Ancient Chinese Cemeteries of Indonesia as Vanishing Landmarks of the Past (17th-20th c.) Archipel Association Archipel info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/2104-3655 info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/0044-8613 URI:https://journals.openedition.org/archipel Salmon, Claudine Despite the incessant expenditures over time, both individually and collectively, by the Chinese of Indonesia to conserve and secure their graves, they have never been really protected from destruction. As early as 1668, the community of Batavia lodged a complaint against a group of Ambonese who resided near the cemetery and who had desecrated some four hundred graves. During the following century, another danger came in addition to the risk of looting; by following the development of the towns of the Northern coast, some cemeteries once plotted in the countryside were enveloped by settlements and gradually threatened with demolition. Here we focus on the historical development of certain cemeteries including those of Batavia, Banten, Cirebon, and Semarang which to some extent mirror the evolution of the Chinese communities that founded them. In so doing we also give attention to the tombs which escaped destruction and have become the subject of a genuine worship by the part of the populations, newcomers, local born Chinese and even Indonesians who do not hesitate to spend to maintain the sites. Last but not least we reflect on the way burial grounds were granted in concession by the authorities, and how they were managed. Malgré les incessantes dépenses effectuées au fil des temps, tant individuellement que collectivement, par les Chinois d’Indonésie pour protéger et préserver leurs tombes, celles‑ci n’ont jamais été à l’abri des destructions. Dès 1668, en effet, la communauté chinoise de Batavia portait plainte contre un groupe d’Ambonais qui, habitant à côté de leur cimetière, avaient profané quelque quatre cents tombes. Au cours du siècle suivant, un autre danger est venu s’ajouter à celui du pillage. Suite à l’expansion des villes de la côte nord de Java, certains cimetières autrefois nichés dans la campagne se sont retrouvés au cœur des nouvelles agglomérations et progressivement frappés de démolition. Dans cet article, nous mettons l’accent sur l’histoire du développement de certains cimetières incluant ceux de Batavia, Banten, Cirebon et Semarang qui, d’une certaine façon, sont le miroir des communautés qui les ont créés. Ce faisant, nous insistons sur les tombes qui ont échappé à la destruction et sont devenues l’objet d’un culte de la part de la population, qu’il s’agisse de nouveaux venus, de Peranakan, ou d’autres Indonésiens qui, tous, n’hésitent pas à engager des dépenses pour entretenir ces tombes considérées comme sacrées. Pour finir, nous envisageons la manière dont les lieux de sépulture étaient donnés en concession par les autorités et comment ils étaient gérés. |
| collection |
OpenEdition Journal |
| language |
Anglais |
| format |
Article ou chapitre numérique |
| building |
0/Bibliothèque numérique/ 1/Bibliothèque numérique/OpenEdition Journals/ |
| description |
Despite the incessant expenditures over time, both individually and collectively, by the Chinese of Indonesia to conserve and secure their graves, they have never been really protected from destruction. As early as 1668, the community of Batavia lodged a complaint against a group of Ambonese who resided near the cemetery and who had desecrated some four hundred graves. During the following century, another danger came in addition to the risk of looting; by following the development of the towns of the Northern coast, some cemeteries once plotted in the countryside were enveloped by settlements and gradually threatened with demolition. Here we focus on the historical development of certain cemeteries including those of Batavia, Banten, Cirebon, and Semarang which to some extent mirror the evolution of the Chinese communities that founded them. In so doing we also give attention to the tombs which escaped destruction and have become the subject of a genuine worship by the part of the populations, newcomers, local born Chinese and even Indonesians who do not hesitate to spend to maintain the sites. Last but not least we reflect on the way burial grounds were granted in concession by the authorities, and how they were managed. |
| author |
Salmon, Claudine |
| spellingShingle |
Salmon, Claudine Ancient Chinese Cemeteries of Indonesia as Vanishing Landmarks of the Past (17th-20th c.) |
| author_facet |
Salmon, Claudine |
| author_sort |
Salmon, Claudine |
| title |
Ancient Chinese Cemeteries of Indonesia as Vanishing Landmarks of the Past (17th-20th c.) |
| title_short |
Ancient Chinese Cemeteries of Indonesia as Vanishing Landmarks of the Past (17th-20th c.) |
| title_full |
Ancient Chinese Cemeteries of Indonesia as Vanishing Landmarks of the Past (17th-20th c.) |
| title_fullStr |
Ancient Chinese Cemeteries of Indonesia as Vanishing Landmarks of the Past (17th-20th c.) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Ancient Chinese Cemeteries of Indonesia as Vanishing Landmarks of the Past (17th-20th c.) |
| title_sort |
ancient chinese cemeteries of indonesia as vanishing landmarks of the past (17th-20th c.) |
| publisher |
Archipel |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| container_title |
URI:https://journals.openedition.org/archipel |
| url |
https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://doi.org/10.4000/archipel.282 https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://journals.openedition.org/archipel/282 |
| _version_ |
1877294374505676800 |