Urban Innovation and Philanthropy, New Perspectives on the Columbia Market, London
Completed in 1868 by architect Alfred Darbishire, Columbia Market is an astounding philanthropic project undertaken by Baroness Georgina Burdett-Coutts on behalf of the impoverished neighbourhoods of London's East End. Celebrated as much for its grandiose neo-Gothic architecture as for its spec...
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| الحاوية / القاعدة: | URI:https://journals.openedition.org/angles, |
|---|---|
| المؤلف الرئيسي: | |
| التنسيق: | Article ou chapitre numérique |
| اللغة: | Anglais |
| منشور في: |
Angles
2023
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| الموضوعات: | |
| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM Accès Université d'Orléans et IFPM |
| id |
openedition-oai:revues.org:angles_6373 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
openedition |
| collection |
OpenEdition Journal |
| language |
Anglais |
| format |
Article ou chapitre numérique |
| building |
0/Bibliothèque numérique/ 1/Bibliothèque numérique/OpenEdition Journals/ |
| topic |
urbanisme architecture marché couvert Columbia Market XIXe siècle Alfred Darbishire architecture utilitaire architecture commerciale Urbanism Architecture Market Halls Columbia Market 19th Century Alfred Darbishire Utilitarian architecture Commercial architecture |
| spellingShingle |
urbanisme architecture marché couvert Columbia Market XIXe siècle Alfred Darbishire architecture utilitaire architecture commerciale Urbanism Architecture Market Halls Columbia Market 19th Century Alfred Darbishire Utilitarian architecture Commercial architecture Houssard, Emeline Urban Innovation and Philanthropy, New Perspectives on the Columbia Market, London |
| description |
Completed in 1868 by architect Alfred Darbishire, Columbia Market is an astounding philanthropic project undertaken by Baroness Georgina Burdett-Coutts on behalf of the impoverished neighbourhoods of London's East End. Celebrated as much for its grandiose neo-Gothic architecture as for its spectacular economic failure, it has almost never been studied beyond the scope of an architectural approach, usually monographic or narrowed down to its decorations (Pevsner 1952; Schmiechen and Carls 1999; Lewis 2012; Jones 2016). Firstly, this article refines the architectural analysis of the Columbia Market through a better consideration not only of its decorum but also of its structure. By doing so, it reveals Darbishire’s interest in other contemporary markets in London such as Covent Garden Market, Hungerford Market, Billingsgate Market and Spitalfields Market. Notwithstanding an outright economic collapse, Darbishire and Burdett-Coutt’s project is greeted with several echoes throughout Europe, of which this article offers the first comprehensive study. Mentioned in most of the contemporary journal articles, publications, and municipal reports devoted to neighbourhood covered markets, especially so in Berlin and Rome, it became an architectural model and a milestone in the European development of this type of building. Second, this article reconsiders Columbia Market as an exemplary case of the inherently urban character of neighbourhood covered markets, focusing on its implementation and insertion within a larger project associating urban facilities, housing and transportation. More than an isolated philanthropic gesture in this deprived area of London, Columbia Market emerged as an extension to Columbia Square’s dwellings, built in 1862 for Burdett-Coutts on the advice of Charles Dickens. Other less known urban facilities were later built in order to rationalize the neighbourhood and to respond to the hygienist principles of the time. In addition, several railway projects integrating Columbia Market were put forward between 1870 and 1890, revealing both the interest in a new approach to urban planning and the transportation problems specific to this typology.Considering the history of Columbia Market over the long term and the reasons for its failure thus contributes to a better understanding of its history and typology, as well as that of the neighbourhood and the city to which it belongs. The urban experiment associated with Columbia Market thus appears as a precursor of the programmes that only emerged in Europe after the Second World War, most notably the Lansbury Estate in London’s East End. |
| author |
Houssard, Emeline |
| author_facet |
Houssard, Emeline |
| author_sort |
Houssard, Emeline |
| title |
Urban Innovation and Philanthropy, New Perspectives on the Columbia Market, London |
| title_short |
Urban Innovation and Philanthropy, New Perspectives on the Columbia Market, London |
| title_full |
Urban Innovation and Philanthropy, New Perspectives on the Columbia Market, London |
| title_fullStr |
Urban Innovation and Philanthropy, New Perspectives on the Columbia Market, London |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Urban Innovation and Philanthropy, New Perspectives on the Columbia Market, London |
| title_sort |
urban innovation and philanthropy, new perspectives on the columbia market, london |
| publisher |
Angles |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| container_title |
URI:https://journals.openedition.org/angles |
| url |
https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://doi.org/10.4000/angles.6373 https://ezproxy.univ-orleans.fr/login?url=https://journals.openedition.org/angles/6373 |
| _version_ |
1877292929531248640 |
| spelling |
openedition-oai:revues.org:angles_6373 https://doi.org/10.4000/angles.6373 urn:doi:10.4000/angles.6373 en https://journals.openedition.org/angles/6373 2023-01-11T01:00:00Z info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess article info:eu-repo/semantics/article urn:handle:20.500.13089/9n2b https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Urban Innovation and Philanthropy, New Perspectives on the Columbia Market, London Angles Société des Anglicistes de l'Enseignement Supérieur info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/2274-2042 URI:https://journals.openedition.org/angles Houssard, Emeline urbanisme architecture marché couvert Columbia Market XIXe siècle Alfred Darbishire architecture utilitaire architecture commerciale Urbanism Architecture Market Halls Columbia Market 19th Century Alfred Darbishire Utilitarian architecture Commercial architecture Completed in 1868 by architect Alfred Darbishire, Columbia Market is an astounding philanthropic project undertaken by Baroness Georgina Burdett-Coutts on behalf of the impoverished neighbourhoods of London's East End. Celebrated as much for its grandiose neo-Gothic architecture as for its spectacular economic failure, it has almost never been studied beyond the scope of an architectural approach, usually monographic or narrowed down to its decorations (Pevsner 1952; Schmiechen and Carls 1999; Lewis 2012; Jones 2016). Firstly, this article refines the architectural analysis of the Columbia Market through a better consideration not only of its decorum but also of its structure. By doing so, it reveals Darbishire’s interest in other contemporary markets in London such as Covent Garden Market, Hungerford Market, Billingsgate Market and Spitalfields Market. Notwithstanding an outright economic collapse, Darbishire and Burdett-Coutt’s project is greeted with several echoes throughout Europe, of which this article offers the first comprehensive study. Mentioned in most of the contemporary journal articles, publications, and municipal reports devoted to neighbourhood covered markets, especially so in Berlin and Rome, it became an architectural model and a milestone in the European development of this type of building. Second, this article reconsiders Columbia Market as an exemplary case of the inherently urban character of neighbourhood covered markets, focusing on its implementation and insertion within a larger project associating urban facilities, housing and transportation. More than an isolated philanthropic gesture in this deprived area of London, Columbia Market emerged as an extension to Columbia Square’s dwellings, built in 1862 for Burdett-Coutts on the advice of Charles Dickens. Other less known urban facilities were later built in order to rationalize the neighbourhood and to respond to the hygienist principles of the time. In addition, several railway projects integrating Columbia Market were put forward between 1870 and 1890, revealing both the interest in a new approach to urban planning and the transportation problems specific to this typology.Considering the history of Columbia Market over the long term and the reasons for its failure thus contributes to a better understanding of its history and typology, as well as that of the neighbourhood and the city to which it belongs. The urban experiment associated with Columbia Market thus appears as a precursor of the programmes that only emerged in Europe after the Second World War, most notably the Lansbury Estate in London’s East End. Le Columbia Market, édifié en 1868 par l'architecte Alfred Darbishire, est un étonnant projet philanthropique de la comtesse Georgina Burdett-Coutts pour la population nécessiteuse de l’East End de Londres. Célèbre tant pour son architecture néogothique grandiose que pour son échec économique retentissant, il n’a pourtant presque jamais été étudié en dehors d’une approche architecturale, la plus souvent monographique ou centrée sur ses décors (Pevsner 1952 ; Schmiechen and Carls 1999 ; Lewis 2012 ; Jones 2016). Cet article propose dans un premier temps d’enrichir son analyse architecturale par une meilleure prise en compte non seulement de son décorum mais aussi de sa structure. Ce faisant, il révèle l'intérêt de Darbishire pour d'autres marchés contemporains de Londres tels que le marché de Covent Garden, le marché de Hungerford, le marché de Billingsgate et le marché de Spitalfields. En dépit d'un effondrement économique total, le projet de Darbishire et Burdett-Coutt trouve plusieurs échos à travers l'Europe, dont cet article offre une première étude. Mentionné dans la plupart des articles de revues, publications et rapports municipaux contemporains consacrés aux marchés couverts de quartier, notamment à Berlin et à Rome, il est devenu un modèle et un jalon dans le développement européen de ce type de bâtiment. Deuxièmement, cet article considère le Columbia Market comme un cas exemplaire du caractère intrinsèquement urbain des marchés couverts de quartier, en se concentrant sur sa mise en œuvre et son insertion dans un projet plus vaste associant équipements urbains, logement et transport. Au-delà d’un geste philanthropique isolé dans ce quartier défavorisé de Londres, le Columbia Market vient compléter les logements du Columbia Square, érigés en 1862 quand d’autres équipements sont ajoutés par la suite, afin de rationaliser le quartier et de répondre aux principes hygiénistes de l’époque. En outre, il fait l’objet de divers projets de voies ferrées entre 1870 à 1890, témoignant tant de la recherche d’une nouvelle approche de la ville, que des problématiques viaires intrinsèques à cette typologie. Considérer l'histoire de Columbia Market sur le long terme et les raisons de son échec contribue donc à une meilleure compréhension de son histoire et de sa typologie, ainsi que de celle du quartier et de la ville auxquels il appartient. L'expérience urbaine associée à Columbia Market apparaît ainsi comme un précurseur des programmes qui n'ont émergé en Europe qu'après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, notamment le Lansbury Estate dans l'East End de Londres. |